For instance, levels of sPD-L1 and sGranB before treatment were associated with outcomes in NSCLC treated with nivolumab [28], high plasma sPD-L1 levels at pretreatment were associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced lung cancer [41] and sPD-1 and sPD-L1 at baseline could predict nivolumab efficacy in NSCLC patients [42]. This evidence concerns the gene HOXD13 and lung cancer.