This was confirmed pharmacologically in vitro, where PAD4 inhibitors (GSK484) had no effect on the release of RNP-IC-related NET release from control human neutrophils and LDGs derived from lupus patients, whereas gasdermin-D inhibition (disulfiram) or mitochondrial ROS attenuation (Mito-TEMPO) significantly attenuated oxidized mitochondrial DNA release within NETs [23]. The gene discussed is PADI4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.