The anti-cancer effects of both CpdA and GCs are partially mediated by apoptosis induction in cancer cells via the following processes: up-regulation of the pro-apoptotic members of the B-cell lymphoma (Bcl-2) family, such as Bim, Bid and Bad; suppression of the anti-apoptotic members, such as Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL [93,106,107]; as well as inhibition of pro-proliferative signaling including AP-1 and NF-κB [16]. Here, BCL2L11 is linked to cancer.