TNF and colitis: Although differences exist in immune responses among species and strains [35,77], in the context of the acute phase of DSS-induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice, Th1/Th17 cell responses characterized by cytokine profiles, such as IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, have been reported to be involved in the disease pathogenesis [35,78].