There are variable interacting etiological factors predisposing for T2DM and/or its complication to DN, so in this study, we aimed, for the first time, to explore the potential relationships of food components and trace elements such as Zn and Cu with inflammatory cytokines biomarkers (TGF-β and IL-17) and the Calpain-10 gene SNP 19 together with the expression of miR-375 in the risk and etiopathogenesis of T2DM without and with CKD complications among Egyptian patients. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.