CD8A and neoplasm: pRNVs/HPPH notably suppressed primary and distant tumor growth within 17 days post-tumor inoculation, yet due to immune-suppressive factors and the presence of Treg cells, this later weakened the activation of CD8+ T cells, resulting in tumor regrowth in pRNVs/HPPH-treated mice between days 13 to 17 post-inoculation of tumors.