In a multivariate logistic regression analysis model and stepwise analysis, elevated serum IL-4 levels > 0.17 mg/L in SLE patients were associated with a reduced risk of mucocutaneous manifestations (OR: 0.48 95 CI 0.26–0.90; p = 0.02) (Table 5). Here, IL4 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.