This effect was further confirmed in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model in C57BL/6 mice; the administration of AA for 21 days resulted in the alleviation of pulmonary fibrosis by blocking EMT through the downregulation of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 pathways. The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is pulmonary fibrosis.