These results are in good agreement with a recent study by Qin et al., which showed that the treatment of co-cultured A549 and THP-1 cells with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shifted the expression profile of EMT markers in tumor cells toward the mesenchymal state and increased the secretion of IL-6 and TGF-β by both cell types [58]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.