However, there should be a strict distinction between pathological hyperglycemia caused by stress hormones or insulin resistance, which is the failure of tissues to physiologically respond to insulin stimulation and the consequent restriction of glucose transport into the cells [134], and externally induced hyperglycemia, which is evoked exogenously by the intravenous application of dextrose or other sugar solutions before ischemia in experiments. Here, INS is linked to Hyperglycemia.