VCAM1 and neoplasm: Tumor cells can attach to specific distant organs/tissues and form colonies through distinct adhesion molecules, including proteoglycans (e.g., CD44), mucins (e.g., MUC16), integrins (e.g., α2β1), and the members of the immunoglobulin superfamily (e.g., ICAM1, VCAM1, and L1CAM) [29].