It has been shown that many other circulating cytokines, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ), and IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10 and CXCL10), have increased levels in patients with various LC symptoms [81,82,83,84]. Here, TNF is linked to laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.