Additionally, pretreatment of human primary preadipocytes with TUDCA prevented ER stress induced by exposure to conditions mimicking the hyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia milieu found in obesity (i.e., high concentrations of glucose and insulin), indicating a potentially useful treatment for preadipocyte damage prevention in obesity [48]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.