In addition, it has been observed in obese individuals that obesity induced by a HFD triggers an increase in the production of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2/MCP-1) within epithelial cells, ultimately leading to the development of a proinflammatory phenotype [71,72]. Here, CCL2 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.