Using the physicochemical approach, metabolic acidosis was defined as SIDeff < 35 mEq/L and/or elevated Atot, specifically meaning Alb > 49 g/L and Pi > 1.6mmol/L, and metabolic alcalosis was defined as SIDeff > 42 mEq/L and/or Alb < 38 g/L. Here, ALB is linked to metabolic acidosis.