CCR1 and cancer: Specifically, many immuno-response genes are significantly changed, such as CD28, CXCL12, CSF1R, KDR, CCR1, IL2RA, etc. Thus, we further examined whether the above immuno-response genes were changed in those isolated lymphocytes from mice and found that the expressions for Cd28, Cxcl12, Csf1r, Kdr, Ccr1, and Il2ra are not significantly downregulated, implying NRP1 roles and mechanisms in both anti-cancers and anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry, probably through immuno-response genes/pathways, other than CD28, CXCL12, CSF1R, KDR, CCR1, and IL2RA.