Complete elimination of Mtb in a pulmonary TB progressive model of infection by gene therapy is unlikely, so another aim of the present work was to test a combined therapy with TNF plus second-line antibiotics to seek a faster bacterial clearance, that could shorten the time of therapy, and that could result in less secondary and toxic effects, preventing abandonment of treatment and the surge of drug resistance. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is pulmonary tuberculosis.