A sustained and elevated expression of TNF during Mtb infection is crucial to prevent uncontrolled bacterial growth in the lung; considering this, the aim of the present study was to test the therapeutic efficacy of gene therapy with adenoviral vectors codifying for the expression of TNF to potentiate the immune response against progressive infection with MDR-TB; this treatment has already been proved to prevent reactivation in a murine model of latent-like infection [14]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.