First-line treatment of hyperglycemia in T2DM is typically managed by oral insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, but in the event of more serious cases (i.e., the failure of oral therapy, long-lasting hyperglycemia, or uncompensated T2DM) physicians may combine one or more glucose-lowering medications with different insulin regimens [10], in order to monitor and reduce the risk of complications (i.e., cardiovascular alterations, peripheral neuropathy and diabetic kidney disease) [11]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetic kidney disease.