Murine models of colitis shown that deoxycholic acid increased the level of IL-1β while reducing the number of tuft cells and upregulating the expression of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa of mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, thereby affecting the intestinal mucosal barrier and intestinal immune functions and aggravating intestinal inflammation in the mouse model [138]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and colitis.