TNF and aortic stenosis: Figure 5 shows that the ASD group presented lower values of IL1-α (−57%, p = 0.0160), IL-6 (−50%, p = 0.0008), IFN-γ (−49%, p = 0.0064), TGFβ (−33%, p = 0.0269), TNFα (−61%, p = 0.0073) and VEGF (−54%, p < 0.0001) vs. AS. Similarly, ramipril treatment blocked the increase in inflammatory markers such as IL1-α (−79%, p = 0.0013), IL4 (−75%, p = 0.0060), IL-6 (−42%, p = 0.0046), IL10 (−76%, p = 0.0060), IL12 (−37%, p = 0.0398), TNFα (−60%, p = 0.0113) and VEGF (−47%, p = 0.0006) vs. the AS group.