In agreement, the AS group of this present study showed an increase in the cardiac levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, such as IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-γ, TGFβ, TNFα and VEGF, which agrees with other studies [11,19,20,24,25,26]. Here, IL6 is linked to aortic stenosis.