Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory process in the vascular wall where proinflammatory cytokines secreted from activated macrophages may promote osteogenic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells via NF-κB signaling, and as vitamin K has been shown in experimental studies to inhibit NF-κB signaling, this might indicate yet another mechanism of vascular protection [61]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is atherosclerosis.