Studies have shown that biomarkers including PARD6B [570], BMI1 [498], CAV1 [559], TRIB3 [509], TTN (titin) [501], PITX1 [63],TRIM29 [805], OTX1 [804], NFYA (nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha) [806], TFAP2A [807], JUN (Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit) [808], STAT1 [809], TP53 [810], and NFKB1 [811] might act as bifunctional mediators to lung cancer. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and lung carcinoma.