Autosomal recessive mutations of the Wolfram syndrome (WFS1) gene and, less frequently, the CDGSH iron–sulphur domain-containing protein 2 (CIDS2) gene located in chromosome 4, cause a disease called Wolfram syndrome (WS), or DIDMOAD, which is characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes, progressive optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, sensorineural hearing, urinary tract problems loss as well as other neurological symptoms, brain stem atrophy, and psychiatric comorbidities [52,53]. The gene discussed is WFS1; the disease is Wolfram syndrome.