CD8A and neoplasm: In a retrospective study conducted on 221 patients with advanced NSCLC and a high programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (≥50%) treated with first-line pembrolizumab, patients with low dNLR (<2.6) had significantly increased tumor-associated CD8+, FOXP3+, and PD-1+ immune cells, and PD-1+ CD8+ T cells identified by multiplexed immunofluorescence compared to patients with high dNLR (≥2.6) [62].