The fact that Vit D exerts its effects on pro-inflammatory markers IL1-β, IL-6 and TNF-α targeting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways may be the reason for higher levels of NF-κB and MAPK in the preDM and DM groups with deficient and insufficient Vit D levels in our study. Here, NFKB1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.