Recently, the use of nivolumab (a human anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody) and ipilimumab (a human anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody) showed clinical benefits for mesothelioma patients with an extended survival of 18.1 months (with a 95% CI of 16.8–21.4 months) [6]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to mesothelioma.