This role of autophagy in the FMD/VC-dependent toxicity to ALL cells is confirmed by the effect of the combination of vincristine with the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine, which also promotes p53 modulation, apoptosis and cancer-free survival in agreement with the established role of p53 in mediating cell death in AML and in solid malignancies [27,28]. This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and cancer.