Pedigree studies based on the UPDB have previously provided the identification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 [5,6,7], and more recently have identified additional rare cancer predisposition variants (GOLM1 [38]; CELF4 [39]; FANCM [40]; ERF [41]; LRBA [42]; FGF5 [43]) in similar sets of sampled high-risk pedigrees. This evidence concerns the gene ERF and cancer.