In light of these findings, using tumor expression data and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), Gay et al. identified four SCLC subgroups defined by the differential expression of transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1 and POU2F3 or the low expression of all three transcription factor signatures accompanied by an inflamed gene signature (SCLC-A, N, P and I, respectively) [72]. The gene discussed is ASCL1; the disease is small cell lung carcinoma.