CD4 and HIV infectious disease: Immunization with a dual-promoter DNA vaccine pADVAX-e/g, encoding human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) env and gag, admixed with α-GalCer, caused an increased number of Env- and Gag-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, while the use of α-GalCer on a further DNA prime-DNA boost regimen led to an increased number of Gag-specific IFN-γ-producing CD4+ T cells, providing evidence that α-GalCer could promote a robust cellular immune response against HIV infection [147].