Lastly, to determine the association between the AR/AP-1/UGT2B15 axis and ESCC patient survival, we built a patient-level regulatory axis activity score incorporating AR, FOSL2, JUN, and UGT2B15 expression levels, which were utilized to categorize male patients from the TCGA-ESCC cohort into high- and low-activity groups. This evidence concerns the gene JUN and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.