INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: T1D is associated with autoimmunity against pancreatic beta cells, i.e., the destruction of beta cells caused by the expression of autoantibodies against insulin (IAA), antibodies against insular cells (ICA), antibodies associated with insulinoma protein-2 antibodies (IA-2A), glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) and zinc transporter antibodies 8 (ZnT8A) [47].