IL1B and atherosclerosis: Data from human studies have revealed that treatment with a combination of Vitamin A with Vitamin D could attenuate atherosclerosis through a reduction in serum IL-1β levels [130], downregulation of IL-17 and retinoid-related orphan receptor-c [131], upregulation of forkhead box protein-3 gene expression, and an increased number of regulatory T cells in patients with atherosclerosis [132].