The altered immune response encompasses the activation of different immune cells (monocytes, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, or macrophages) with overexpression and release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as activated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which play a critical role in the development of IBD [4]. Here, TNF is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.