Supplementary Table S5 showed the demographics of human patients in the validation cohort. It was observed that only THBS1 exhibited a significant correlation with lung function indices DLCO, FVC, and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in one second) in IPF cohorts of both GSE38958 and GSE47460. SERPINE1 and PTX3 showed significant correlations with DLCO, FVC, and FEV1 in IPF cohorts of GSE47460, but did not exhibit significant correlations with DLCO and FVC in IPF cohorts of GSE38958 (Figure 3F). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.