Overall, serum levels of NfL, GFAP, and total-Tau (tTau) were significantly higher in COVID-19 participants compared to the uninfected healthy controls but, as shown in Fig. 1b–e, those participants with abnormal GCS scores had higher levels of NfL and UCH-L1 than those with normal GCS scores. Here, UCHL1 is linked to COVID-19.