TNF and neoplasm: As we all know, bacteria can be oligomerized with TLRs, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and nucleotide binding by PAMPs domain-receptors communicate and trigger immune responses.[85] NF-kB can be activated by TLR and TNF-α to induce the transcription of multiple tumor-generating genes such as cyclocoxidase-2, and then lead to the destruction of intestinal barriers such as apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through the tumor-suppressing p53 pathway,[86] resulting in microbial translocation.