LTA and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Patients with pneumonia expressed significantly higher levels of IP-10 (17,875.20 ± 11,214.72 vs. 6304.32 ± 4145.05 pg/mL; p = 0.017) and M-CSF (168.76 ± 63.71 vs. 74.68 ± 24.64 pg/mL; p = 0.002) in comparison with those without pneumonia (Fig. 6A, B) and lower levels of IL-16 (281.87 ± 467.76 vs. 1178.46 ± 967.96 pg/mL; p = 0.046), TNF-β (2.17 ± 2.94 vs. 10.40 ± 8.69 pg/mL; p = 0.028), and PDGF-BB (6017.92 ± 4543.76 vs. 23,392.56 ± 14,481.68 pg/mL; p = 0.042) (Fig. 6C–E), especially during the first 2 weeks after symptoms onset.