In the present study of a population exposed to chronic intoxication by organochlorine pesticides, we showed the possible involvement of polymorphisms in a wide range of antioxidant system genes (GCLC, GCLM, GPX4, PON1, PON2, PON3, NQO1, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, AKR1B10, AKR1C1, APOE, NFE2, NFE2L1, NFE2L2, NFE2L3, SRXN1, TXNRD1, UCP3) in public health problems, which was expressed in the increasing frequencies of cardiovascular pathologies, gastrointestinal tract diseases, and the development of allergic diseases [9,27,73,74,75,76]. This evidence concerns the gene SOD2 and allergic disease.