It is known that IRF3 binds to ISRE in the human ZAP promoter during viral infection [11], and type I IFN has a greater effect on inducing ZAP-S expression compared to ZAP-L, possibly through transcription regulation, alternative splicing, or polyadenylation [16,17,40,95] (Figure 6). This evidence concerns the gene IRF3 and viral infectious disease.