TNF and Insulin resistance: In addition, some polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been observed to improve insulin resistance by promoting glucose uptake and the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase, attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory markers malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor 1 alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κβ) [33].