INS and metabolic disease: Higher levels of saturated fatty acids, specifically even-chain unsaturated fatty acids, are linked to higher lipotoxicity [86], impaired insulin sensitivity, glucose intolerance by triggering the proteasomal degradation of key insulin-signaling molecules [87], and stimulating proinflammatory signaling through the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 [88], while odd-chain saturated fatty acids such as pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acid have shown protective effects against metabolic disorders [89,90].