CDKN2A and infection: However, genes encoding IAA, ARF, AHP, CYCD3, SNRK2, PP2C, TIR1, and CRE1 had variable expression levels, with the majority being up-regulated during infection, but some also being down-regulated during the later time points, which suggests that these genes may be fine-tuned during defense responses, as Epi R2-21 or Alt XHYN2 form different and complex patterns of symbiosis within the host grapevine, and the growth of host plants is somewhat inhibited during the infection of endophytes.