ACTA2 and heart disorder: Finally, given the importance of both the TGFβ and Hippo pathways in regulating genes involved in cardiac fibroblasts activation and ECM remodeling during development and cardiac disease, the expression of mesenchymal genes, such as Acta2, Col1a1, Ccn2, and Ccn1, was regulated by both TGFβ2 and/or Hippo signaling.