AKT1 and Alzheimer disease: In addition, cinnamaldehyde affected Aβ aggregation and caspase-3 cleavage in the hippocampus, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of hippocampal Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS)-associated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and caspase-3 pathways in this sporadic AD rat model [53].