Transgenic mice overexpressing a constitutively active form of TGFβ1 in the brain (TGF mice), originally developed to recapitulate the cerebrovascular pathology seen in AD [20], were later found to lack the cerebral amyloid angiopathy typical of AD [21,22] and, as such, were found to better recap the cerebrovascular pathology seen in VCID. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.