ACE and hypertensive disorder: In addition, although studies have shown that speech disturbances, voice disorders, cough, and breathing abnormalities are positively associated with certain mental illnesses [1,2,3,4,5,6], beyond age, sex, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and ACE Inhibitors [2,4], these studies did not adjust for the five important confounders (gastroesophageal reflux disease, asthma, allergies, chronic sinusitis, and hypertension) we considered in this study.