HMOX1 and glioblastoma: 1) APOC1 reduces ferroptosis in GBMs by inhibiting KEAP1, promoting NRF2 nuclear translocation, increasing HMOX1 and NQO1 expression, and downregulating ROS.2) IR-TMZ can induce the generation of ROS, leading to the upregulation of NRF2 and promoting GBM recurrence. Blocking the activation of NRF2 can enhance the sensitivity of GBMs to chemoradiotherapy.3) S-guanylation of KEAP1 in glioma cells is induced by 8-nitro-cGMP, which leads to the activation of NRF2. Subsequently, the expression of HMOX1 is induced, while the level of H2O2 decreases, resulting in the survival of glioma cells.