There are two other ongoing trials; one (NCT03354936) is aimed to evaluate the safety of nivolumab or pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) combined with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) in PLWH with cancer; the other trial (NCT03304093) evaluates both the safety and efficacy of nivolumab in PLWH on cART with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, PDCD1 is linked to cancer.