PDCD1 and melanoma: In addition, some of the case reports published to date have provided evidence that PLWH on cART who have received ICIs such as anti-CTLA-4 (91) or anti-PD-1 (39) for treatment of melanoma can display an increase in HIV transcription (measured by HIV-RNA in CD4 T cells), suggesting an in vivo effect of these therapies in the reversion of virus latency.