The mechanism is miR-146 could prevent myocardial fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of the gene EGR1.[144] Besides, exosomal miR-17 and miR-210 can also inhibit TGF- β-induced fibrosis.[145] The exosomal miR-320d from the ADSCs can indirectly inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AF by negatively regulating STAT3 expression, thus increasing survival. Here, STAT3 is linked to atrial fibrillation.