The traditional method of calculating good glycemic indices to guide insulin doses is not enough to control T1D blood glucose levels.[110] Based on the tenet that the gut microbiota impacts PPG, prediction models incorporating gut microbiota are important methods for predicting PPGR and may provide personalized treatments for T1D in the future.[111] Individualized nutrition interventions can also affect the gut microbiota and improve PPG. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.