IGF2 and Impaired glucose tolerance: Some TMA and TMAO are involved in phosphorylation processes such as PKA and insulin like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), and regulate the cascade reaction of insulin signaling.[106] Animal experiments have shown that mice fed a high-fat diet have an increase in TMAO, exacerbating impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and leading to inflammation of adipose tissue in mice fed a high-fat diet.